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  "geography": "United Kingdom",
  "description": "FCA Payments Regulatory Priorities: will consider whether regulation needs to change to support agentic AI payments",
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  "description": "MDES release notes add issuer token-level spend controls",
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  "description": "Buy for Me test begins for a subset of US customers on Amazon Shopping app (iOS/Android); purchases made on third-party brand sites.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C028"
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  "stream": "RTA"
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  "stream": "RTA"
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  "effective_date": "2025-11-24",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Shopping research launched in ChatGPT; purchase by click-through to retailer unless Instant Checkout applied.",
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   "RTA-C014",
   "DIS-C015"
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  "announcement_date": "2025-11",
  "effective_date": "2025-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Rufus Auto Buy (price-triggered purchase) disclosed with Black Friday/Cyber Monday announcements; reported for US Prime members in app.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C019",
   "RTA-C020"
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  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
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   "RTA-C044"
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  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
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  "description": "Amazon sues Perplexity over Comet agent shopping on Amazon (per author corpus; docket not opened).",
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  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "beta",
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  "description": "Merchants complain Buy for Me/Shop Direct listed products without permission; Amazon calls programs tests.",
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   "RTA-C030"
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   "RTA-S026"
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  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Alexa+ available to all US customers: Prime included; $19.99/month standalone; limited free tier on Alexa.com/app (Forbes dates public availability to March).",
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   "RTA-C033"
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  "source_ids": [
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   "RTA-S032"
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  "stage": "not stated",
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  "description": "Trade press (4-6 Mar 2026) reports OpenAI pulling back native in-chat Instant Checkout.",
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  "stage": "not stated",
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  "description": "Preliminary injunction against Perplexity's Comet shopping on Amazon (per author corpus citing CNBC).",
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  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "beta",
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  "description": "Buy for Me/Shop Direct accepts third-party merchant data feeds; syndicators and merchant portal planned.",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-03-24",
  "effective_date": "2026-03-24",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "'Powering Product Discovery in ChatGPT': discovery-first shopping; merchants use own checkout (mobile in-app browser / web new tab for Shopify merchants).",
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  "stage": "not stated",
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  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
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  "effective_date": "2026-05-13",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Rufus and Alexa+ brought together as 'Alexa for Shopping' in Amazon app and website; no Prime or Echo needed. Non-US locales may still show Rufus.",
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  "date_precision": "day",
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  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
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  "date_precision": "month",
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  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Agentic checkout starts rolling out on Search incl. AI Mode: price tracking then user-confirmed purchase on merchant site with Google Pay (Wayfair, Chewy, Quince, select Shopify stores).",
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  "date_precision": "day",
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  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
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  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "UCP announced; Google says it will soon power checkout on eligible listings in AI Mode and the Gemini app, US retailers first, Google Pay first, PayPal later; Business Agent introduced for eligible US retailers.",
  "claim_ids": [
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  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Google post (date not surfaced) says UCP-powered checkout is rolling out: US shoppers can buy from Etsy and Wayfair in AI Mode and the Gemini app; Shopify, Target, Walmart 'coming soon'.",
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  "event_date": "2026-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2026-05",
  "effective_date": "US summer 2026 (planned)",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Universal Cart announced at I/O 2026: cross-merchant cart from Search, Gemini, YouTube, Gmail; US Search and Gemini app 'this summer', YouTube and Gmail to follow; Google Pay or transfer to merchant site; AP2 guardrails for agent buying. Rollout state at cutoff not confirmed.",
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   "RTA-S219"
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  "stream": "RTA-2"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E208",
  "entity": "Google",
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  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "CA, AU (coming months), UK (later)",
  "description": "Google Marketing Live: UCP checkout to expand to Canada and Australia 'in the coming months', later UK; native UCP checkout added to Direct Offers ads pilot.",
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  "stream": "RTA-2"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E211",
  "entity": "Google",
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  "geography": "US; AU, CA early 2027 (planned)",
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E212",
  "entity": "Google (YouTube)",
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  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C227"
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  "source_ids": [
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  "stream": "RTA-2"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E213",
  "entity": "Google (YouTube)",
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  "effective_date": "2024-08",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "YouTube Shopping affiliate program opened to eligible US Shopify Plus and Advanced merchants via Merchant Center (historical baseline).",
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   "RTA-C239"
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  "stream": "RTA-2"
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 {
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  "effective_date": "2026-01-08",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
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   "RTB-C203",
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E302",
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  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Microsoft says Copilot Checkout expanding to Copilot mobile apps; Shopify Catalog integration into Copilot; Target account linking.",
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   "RTA-C308"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E303",
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  "effective_date": "2024-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Buy with Pro launched for US Pro subscribers with free shipping; Merchant Program opened.",
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   "RTA-C313"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E304",
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  "effective_date": "2025-11-25",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Instant Buy with PayPal launched; reported free for all US users (no Pro requirement); retailer is merchant of record.",
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E305",
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  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "not stated",
  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Help article 10352906 slug changed from 'what-is-shop-like-a-pro' to 'what-is-instant-buy' (date unknown).",
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   "RTA-C318"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S312"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E306",
  "entity": "Perplexity",
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  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2025-10-02",
  "effective_date": "2025-10-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "worldwide",
  "description": "Comet browser made free worldwide.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C321"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S322"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E307",
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  "event_type": "regulation",
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  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-08-04",
  "effective_date": "2026-08-04",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
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   "RTA-C322",
   "RTA-C043"
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  "source_ids": [
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   "RTA-S319",
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   "NFA-S008"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E308",
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  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Rehearing reportedly denied (10 Sep); Amazon amended complaint reportedly filed 21 Sep 2026.",
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S321"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E311",
  "entity": "OpenAI",
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  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2026-09-30",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "not stated",
  "effective_date": "not stated",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "OpenAI merchants page (index snapshot ~30 Sep 2026) states purchases complete on merchant-owned websites or apps.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C328"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S324"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E313",
  "entity": "Amazon",
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  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2026-03-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-03",
  "effective_date": "2026-03-19",
  "stage": "preview",
  "geography": "UK",
  "description": "Alexa+ Early Access in the UK (reported 18/19 Mar 2026); still Early Access at 18 Aug 2026 (reported).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C346"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S344",
   "RTA-S345"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E314",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "R-AMZ-BUYFORME",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2026-09-02",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "not stated",
  "effective_date": "2026-09-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Buy for Me Terms of Use last updated (Amazon acts as customer's agent; merchant is seller).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C342"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S338"
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  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTA-E315",
  "entity": "Amazon",
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  "event_type": "rollout",
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  "announcement_date": "2024-10-29",
  "effective_date": "2024-10",
  "stage": "beta",
  "geography": "CA, FR, DE, IT, ES (after IN, UK)",
  "description": "Rufus expanded to more international markets (beta).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTA-C345"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S342"
  ],
  "stream": "RTA-3"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E001",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop UK",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
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  "event_date": "2024-09-02",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2024-08",
  "effective_date": "2024-09-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "UK",
  "description": "UK seller commission reported raised from 5% to 9%; seller missions to reduce fees",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C009"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S010",
   "RTB-S011"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E003",
  "entity": "Walmart / OpenAI",
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  "event_date": "2025-10",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2025-10",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Walmart announced buying Walmart items in ChatGPT via Instant Checkout",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C017"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "RTA-S012"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
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  "entity": "Salesforce / OpenAI",
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  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2025-10",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Agentforce Commerce to integrate with ChatGPT Instant Checkout via ACP (future tense)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C032"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S036"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E006",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop EU",
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  "event_date": "2026-01",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2025-12",
  "effective_date": "2026-01-08",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "EU",
  "description": "Reported rise of EU commission to 9%; new-store 4% promo for stores opened after 8 Jan 2026",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C010"
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  "source_ids": [
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
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  "entity": "Walmart / Google",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-01-11",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US first",
  "description": "Walmart and Sam's Club shopping in the Gemini app on UCP announced at NRF",
  "claim_ids": [
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S021"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E008",
  "entity": "Shopify / OpenAI",
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  "event_date": "2026-01",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-01",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Reported 4% OpenAI fee on ChatGPT Instant Checkout sales for Shopify merchants; no extra fee on Google/Copilot checkouts 'for now'",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C028"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S032"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E009",
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  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-02-18",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Adobe Commerce commitment to support UCP and ACP",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C035"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S039",
   "RTB-S040"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E010",
  "entity": "Meta",
  "route_id": "R-META-AI",
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  "event_date": "2026-03-03",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Bloomberg: Meta testing AI shopping research for some US users; merchant-site purchase",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C013"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S016"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
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  "entity": "Walmart",
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  "event_date": "2026-03-18",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-03-18",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Reported end of ChatGPT Instant Checkout use; Sparky embedded in ChatGPT instead (Gemini planned)",
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  "source_ids": [
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   "RTB-S024"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E012",
  "entity": "Meta",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2026-03-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2026-03-19",
  "stage": "not applicable",
  "geography": "global",
  "description": "Meta signed ACP corporate CLA",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C038"
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  "source_ids": [
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
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  "entity": "Shopify",
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  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-03-24",
  "effective_date": "2026-03-24",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated in snippet (US per secondary)",
  "description": "Agentic Storefronts: sell to ChatGPT users 'starting this week'; Copilot, AI Mode, Gemini via Admin; Agentic plan publicly available",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C022",
   "RTB-C023",
   "RTB-C024"
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   "RTB-S029"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
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  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2026-04",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Adobe Summit: Commerce Developer Agent, Commerce MCP Server, Brand Concierge",
  "claim_ids": [
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S042"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E015",
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  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Reported plan for Instagram shopping agent (project Hatch) before Q4 2026",
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S018"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E016",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop US",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
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  "event_date": "2026-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2026-05",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Public category referral-rate table reportedly revised (6% most; 5% some jewelry/pre-owned)",
  "claim_ids": [
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   "RTB-S007",
   "RTB-S008"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E017",
  "entity": "Shopify",
  "route_id": "R-INFRA-SHOPIFY",
  "event_type": "spec-release",
  "event_date": "2026-06-17",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-06-17",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "Spring '26 Edition (dev): UCP, Catalog API features, agent profile registration without approval",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C043"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S030"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E018",
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  "route_id": "R-INFRA-CT",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2026-07-30",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-07-30",
  "effective_date": "2026-07-30",
  "stage": "generally available",
  "geography": "not stated",
  "description": "AI Hub GA: Gemini discovery-to-checkout via UCP; ChatGPT discovery only",
  "claim_ids": [
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   "RTB-C034"
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  "source_ids": [
   "RTB-S038"
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  "stream": "RTB"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E020",
  "entity": "TikTok",
  "route_id": "R-TT-BUYDIRECT",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2026-10-05",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-10-05",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "not stated (US reported)",
  "description": "Buy Direct in-feed one-click checkout announced; advertiser testing reported",
  "claim_ids": [
   "RTB-C001",
   "RTB-C002",
   "RTB-C003",
   "RTB-C004"
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  "source_ids": [
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   "RTB-S003",
   "RTB-S004"
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  "stream": "RTB"
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 {
  "event_id": "RTB-E021",
  "entity": "TikTok",
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  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2026-10-05",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-10-05",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "announced",
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  "description": "Shopping Assistant (conversational) announced; advertiser testing reported",
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  "geography": "US",
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   "RTB-C224"
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   "RTB-S222"
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  "event_id": "RTB-E209",
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  "geography": "US",
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  "description": "Sponsored follow-up questions ad experiment begins",
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  "description": "Shopping upgrade to ChatGPT search; OpenAI says product results are not ads",
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   "DIS-C047"
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   "DIS-S016"
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 },
 {
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  "geography": "global",
  "description": "Affiliate Attribution RFC version dated (status Proposal)",
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   "DIS-C004"
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   "PRO-S001"
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 },
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  "claim_ids": [
   "DIS-C020"
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   "DIS-S006"
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   "DIS-C023"
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   "DIS-S025"
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   "DIS-C030",
   "DIS-C031"
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   "DIS-S029"
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  "effective_date": "",
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  "geography": "India, Europe, MENA",
  "description": "Self-serve ad buying opens in more regions; $1B run-rate claimed",
  "claim_ids": [
   "DIS-C026"
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   "DIS-S010"
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 },
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   "DIS-C202"
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 },
 {
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   "DIS-C207"
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   "DIS-S204"
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   "DIS-C226"
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   "DIS-S218"
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   "DIS-C223"
  ],
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   "DIS-S217"
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 },
 {
  "event_id": "DIS-E205",
  "entity": "Google Merchant API",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-01",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
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  "claim_ids": [
   "DIS-C229"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "DIS-S222"
  ],
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 },
 {
  "event_id": "ECO-E001",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
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  "date_precision": "day",
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  "stage": "not stated",
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  "description": "US referral fee raised to 6% (from launch-era 2%), per secondary reports of TikTok's notice.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "ECO-C025"
  ],
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   "ECO-S028",
   "ECO-S029"
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  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
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  "stage": "announced",
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  "description": "Planned step to 8% referral fee from 1 July 2024 per 2024 coverage; later sources show 6% still in the public table (status contradicted).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "ECO-C025",
   "ECO-C026"
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   "RTB-S007"
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 {
  "event_id": "ECO-E003",
  "entity": "OpenAI / Shopify",
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  "event_date": "2026-01",
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  "effective_date": "2026-01",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Reported 4% OpenAI fee on Shopify merchants' ChatGPT Instant Checkout sales (one report: from 26 Jan 2026).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "ECO-C001"
  ],
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   "ECO-S002",
   "ECO-S003",
   "ECO-S004"
  ],
  "stream": "ECO"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "ECO-E005",
  "entity": "Walmart",
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  "event_date": "2026-03-04",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-03-04",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Walmart executive reportedly told a Morgan Stanley conference that in-ChatGPT checkout converted at about one-third of click-throughs to Walmart.com; repeated to WIRED 2026-03-18.",
  "claim_ids": [
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   "ECO-S041"
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  "stage": "not stated",
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  "description": "2026 US FBA fee update (~$0.08/unit average increase per Amazon); referral percentages reportedly unchanged.",
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   "ECO-C021",
   "ECO-C020"
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   "ECO-S022"
  ],
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  "claim_ids": [
   "ECO-C022"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "ECO-S023"
  ],
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 {
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  "entity": "Walmart Marketplace",
  "route_id": "",
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  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2026-06-22",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Reported referral-fee cuts in 14 categories via Seller Center policy update (new rates not found).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "ECO-C024"
  ],
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   "ECO-S025",
   "ECO-S026"
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 {
  "event_id": "ECO-E011",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
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  "effective_date": "2026-08-04",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Reported increase of standard referral fee from 6% to 8% for most non-food categories (unconfirmed by TikTok documents found).",
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   "RTB-C007"
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   "RTB-S008"
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  "geography": "global",
  "description": "Theory preprint 'Agentic Markets: Equilibrium Effects of Improving Consumer Search' submitted to arXiv.",
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   "CON-C001"
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   "CON-S001"
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 {
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  "claim_ids": [
   "CON-C004",
   "CON-C020",
   "CON-C021"
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   "CON-S020"
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 {
  "event_id": "CON-E003",
  "entity": "Dong, Luo, Xu (arXiv 2608.08395)",
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  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "global",
  "description": "Theory preprint 'From Product Search to Preference Articulation: The Economics of Agentic Commerce' posted.",
  "claim_ids": [
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   "CON-C003"
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   "CON-S002"
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  "event_id": "MKT-E003",
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  "event_date": "2026-08-18",
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  "stage": "not applicable",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Q2 2026 quarterly e-commerce estimate released: $340.2bn SA, 17.1% of retail.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C001",
   "MKT-C002",
   "HIS-C001",
   "HIS-C002"
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   "MKT-S002"
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 {
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  "entity": "Adobe",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2026-09-29",
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  "announcement_date": "2026-09-29",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not applicable",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Adobe holiday 2026 forecast: $275.1bn online, AI-referred traffic +130% YoY (release dated 28 or 29 Sept per sources).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C017"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "MKT-S013"
  ],
  "stream": "MKT"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "MKT-E005",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "R-GOO-GEMINI",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2026-08-11",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2026-08-11",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not applicable",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Google said Gemini app passed 1bn monthly active users.",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C038"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "MKT-S029"
  ],
  "stream": "MKT"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "MKT-E201",
  "entity": "Salesforce",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2026",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "Q2 FY27",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Salesforce widened the Agentforce ARR definition effective Q2 FY27 to include AI offerings, Slackbot and Headless 360 (metric break, not a launch).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C209"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "MKT-S204"
  ],
  "stream": "MKT-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "MKT-E202",
  "entity": "Forrester",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2025-10-28",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2025-10-28",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US/Europe",
  "description": "Forrester published Predictions 2026 on the 'agentic commerce race' (forecast publication).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C222",
   "MKT-C223"
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  "source_ids": [
   "MKT-S217"
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 {
  "event_id": "MKT-E203",
  "entity": "Gartner",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2024",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "2024",
  "effective_date": "",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Gartner published its forecast of a 25% drop in search engine volume by 2026 (summary says March 2024; month not confirmed).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "MKT-C217"
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  "source_ids": [
   "MKT-S213",
   "MKT-S214"
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  "stream": "MKT-2"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E001",
  "entity": "Sears, Roebuck",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1888",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1888",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Sears mail-order catalogue begins (watches/jewellery) - foundation",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C008"
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  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S019",
   "HIS-S020"
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  "f01_lane": "foundation: catalogue/mail order",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E002",
  "entity": "Diners Club",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1950-02",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1950-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Diners Club charge card launched - foundation",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C015"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S026"
  ],
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E003",
  "entity": "Bank of America",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
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  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1958",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US (Fresno, CA)",
  "description": "BankAmericard revolving credit card launched - foundation",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C015"
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  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S026"
  ],
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  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E004",
  "entity": "Transportation Data Coordinating Committee",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "spec-release",
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  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1975",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "First TDCC EDI standard (rail) - foundation",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C013"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S024",
   "HIS-S025"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: EDI (B2B)",
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E005",
  "entity": "Visa (BankAmericard successor)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rename",
  "event_date": "1976",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1976",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US/International",
  "description": "BankAmericard spun off; Visa created",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C015"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S026"
  ],
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E006",
  "entity": "ANSI ASC X12",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "1979",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1979",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "ANSI charters ASC X12 for cross-industry EDI (sources say 1978 or 1979)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C013"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S024",
   "HIS-S025"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: EDI (B2B)",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E007",
  "entity": "Minitel (PTT/France Telecom)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1980-07-15",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1980-07-15",
  "stage": "preview",
  "geography": "France (Saint-Malo)",
  "description": "Minitel experimental rollout (trial)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C009"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S074"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: videotex/teleshopping",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E008",
  "entity": "Minitel (PTT/France Telecom)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "1982",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1982",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "France",
  "description": "National Minitel rollout; free terminals from 1983",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C009",
   "HIS-C010"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S021",
   "HIS-S074"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: videotex/teleshopping",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E009",
  "entity": "Tesco / Michael Aldrich (Redifon)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1984-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1984-05",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "UK (Gateshead)",
  "description": "Videotex home-shopping trial goes live (one early example of consumer remote ordering)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C012"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S023",
   "HIS-S075"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: videotex/teleshopping",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E010",
  "entity": "UN/EDIFACT",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "1988",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1988",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "International",
  "description": "UN/EDIFACT chartered as international EDI standard",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C014"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S025"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: EDI (B2B)",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E011",
  "entity": "Sears, Roebuck",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "1993-01-25",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1993-01-25",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Sears Big Book catalogue ceases production",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C008"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S019",
   "HIS-S020"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: catalogue/mail order",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E012",
  "entity": "Andersen Consulting BargainFinder",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1995-06-30",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1995-06-30",
  "stage": "preview",
  "geography": "US/online",
  "description": "Experimental CD price-comparison agent; later blocked by retailers and ceased",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C027"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S035"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E013",
  "entity": "eBay (AuctionWeb)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1995-09-03",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1995-09-03",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "AuctionWeb launched (renamed eBay Sept 1997)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C021"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S014"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E014",
  "entity": "eBay",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rename",
  "event_date": "1997-09",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1997-09",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "AuctionWeb adopts eBay name",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C021"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S014"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E015",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "1997",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1997",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "1997 shareholder letter: >1.5m customers, $147.8m revenue (vendor-claimed)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C017"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S010"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E016",
  "entity": "mySimon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1998",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1998",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "mySimon price-comparison site launched (CNET acquired 2000)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C029"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S035"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E017",
  "entity": "JD (Jingdong)",
  "route_id": "",
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  "event_date": "1998",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1998",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China (Beijing)",
  "description": "JD founded as offline electronics booth",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C025"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S016"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E018",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1999-03",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1999-03",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Amazon.com Auctions - first third-party selling service per Amazon",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C018"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S011"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E019",
  "entity": "Alibaba",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1999",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1999",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Alibaba.com established (B2B)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C022"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S015"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E020",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1999-09",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1999-09",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "zShops fixed-price third-party selling",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C018"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S011"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E021",
  "entity": "US Census Bureau",
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  "event_date": "2000-03",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2000-03",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "First official quarterly retail e-commerce estimate (Q4 1999: ~0.64-0.7% of retail)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C003"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S003",
   "HIS-S004",
   "HIS-S005"
  ],
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E022",
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  "route_id": "",
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  "event_date": "2000-11",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2000-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Amazon Marketplace (third parties on same detail page)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C018",
   "HIS-C019"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S011",
   "HIS-S012"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E023",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2002-12",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2002-12",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Froogle product search launched (crawler-indexed, unpaid)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C030"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S030"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E024",
  "entity": "Alibaba",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2003",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2003",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Taobao Marketplace established (free listings)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C022",
   "HIS-C024"
  ],
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   "HIS-S015",
   "HIS-S073"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E025",
  "entity": "eBay",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "acquisition",
  "event_date": "2003",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2003",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "eBay acquires EachNet (~$180m)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C024"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S073"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E026",
  "entity": "JD",
  "route_id": "",
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  "event_date": "2003",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2003",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "JD begins selling via online postings during SARS",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C025"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S016"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
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 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E027",
  "entity": "Alibaba / Alipay",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2004",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2004",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Alipay established as escrow to address buyer-seller trust",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C022",
   "HIS-C023"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S015",
   "HIS-S073"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation & mobile: payments/wallets",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E028",
  "entity": "JD",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2004",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2004",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "JD becomes fully online retailer (company account); first 618 promotion 18 June 2004",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C025"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S016",
   "HIS-S017"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E029",
  "entity": "eBay / Shopping.com",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "acquisition",
  "event_date": "2005-06",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2005-06",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "eBay agrees to acquire Shopping.com; PriceGrabber and Shopzilla also acquired in 2005",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C029"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S036",
   "HIS-S035"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E030",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rename",
  "event_date": "2007-04-18",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2007-04-18",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Froogle renamed Google Product Search",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C030",
   "HIS-C031"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S030",
   "HIS-S031"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E031",
  "entity": "Alibaba",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2008",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2008",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Tmall (then Taobao Mall) B2C platform begins",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C022"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S015"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E032",
  "entity": "Apple",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2008-07-10",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2008-07-10",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "62 countries (one source)",
  "description": "App Store opens with ~500 apps alongside iPhone 3G (July 10 or 11)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C037"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S037",
   "HIS-S038"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "mobile apps & wallets",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E033",
  "entity": "Alibaba",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2009-11-11",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2009-11-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "First Singles Day (11.11) promotion",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C026"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S018"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E034",
  "entity": "GameStop, J.C. Penney, Gap, Nordstrom on Facebook",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "retreat",
  "event_date": "2012-02",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2012-02",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Retailers close Facebook storefronts ('F-commerce' retreat)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C044"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S044",
   "HIS-S045"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E035",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2012-05-31",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2012-05-31",
  "effective_date": "2012-10-17",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Google Product Search to become paid-only Google Shopping built on Product Listing Ads",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C032",
   "HIS-C033"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S027"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E036",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2012-10-17",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2012-10-17",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "US Shopping results only from PLA advertisers (transition complete)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C034"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S028",
   "HIS-S029"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E037",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2012-11",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2012-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "UK, DE, FR, JP, IT, ES, NL, BR, AU, CH",
  "description": "Paid Google Shopping model extended to 10 countries",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C034"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S029"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E038",
  "entity": "Minitel (France Telecom/Orange)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2012-06-30",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2012-06-30",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "France",
  "description": "Minitel network switched off",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C009",
   "HIS-C011"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S021",
   "HIS-S022"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "foundation: videotex/teleshopping",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E039",
  "entity": "Tencent / WeChat Pay",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2014-01",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2014-01",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "WeChat digital red envelopes launched over Lunar New Year 2014 (exact day not confirmed)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C039"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S040"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "mobile apps & wallets",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E040",
  "entity": "Apple",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2014-09-09",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2014-09-09",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Apple Pay announced",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C038"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S039"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "mobile apps & wallets",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E041",
  "entity": "Apple",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2014-10-20",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2014-10-16",
  "effective_date": "2014-10-20",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Apple Pay available with iOS 8.1 (in-store and in-app)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C038"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S039"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "mobile apps & wallets",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E042",
  "entity": "Pinduoduo",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2015-09",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2015-09",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Pinduoduo founded; team-purchase social shopping via WeChat/QQ",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C057"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S062"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E043",
  "entity": "Alibaba / Taobao Live",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2016-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2016-05",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Taobao Live links livestreams to stores",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C058"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S063"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E044",
  "entity": "Google / European Commission",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "regulation",
  "event_date": "2017-06-27",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2017-06-27",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "EU",
  "description": "EC fines Google EUR 2.42bn for favouring its comparison shopping service",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C036"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S034"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E045",
  "entity": "Pinduoduo",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2018-07",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2018-07",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US listing / China",
  "description": "Pinduoduo Nasdaq listing; 343.6m active buyers claimed",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C057"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S062"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E046",
  "entity": "Instagram (Meta)",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2019-03-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2019-03-19",
  "stage": "beta",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Instagram Checkout closed beta with ~20-26 brands",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C045"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S046",
   "HIS-S047"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E047",
  "entity": "Facebook (Meta)",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2020-05-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2020-05-19",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US first",
  "description": "Facebook Shops launched (free storefronts; ads business model)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C046"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S048",
   "HIS-S049"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E048",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2020-04-21",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2020-04-21",
  "effective_date": "2020-04",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US then global",
  "description": "Free listings return to Google Shopping tab",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C035"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S032",
   "HIS-S033"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E049",
  "entity": "Douyin (ByteDance)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2020-10-09",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2020-08",
  "effective_date": "2020-10-09",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Douyin bars third-party (Taobao/JD) links in live streams (announced Aug 2020)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C060"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S066"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E050",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2021",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2021",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "UK",
  "description": "TikTok Shop operating in the UK by 2021-22 (2021 start per one search result; source not pinned; FT 2022 report confirms a UK venture)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C055"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S059"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E051",
  "entity": "Google / EU General Court",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "regulation",
  "event_date": "2021-11-10",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2021-11-10",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "EU",
  "description": "General Court upholds Google Shopping fine (T-612/17)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C036"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S034"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E052",
  "entity": "Viya (Taobao Live)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "regulation",
  "event_date": "2021-12",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2021-12",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Top livestreamer fined ~RMB 1.34bn; accounts disabled",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C059"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S065"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E053",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "retreat",
  "event_date": "2022-07",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2022-07",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "DE, FR, IT, ES, US",
  "description": "FT reports TikTok drops live-shopping expansion beyond UK after UK missed targets",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C055"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S059"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E054",
  "entity": "YouTube / Shopify",
  "route_id": "R-YT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2022-07-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2022-07-19",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "YouTube-Shopify integrated livestream shopping",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C064"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S070"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E055",
  "entity": "Facebook (Meta)",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2022-10-01",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2022-08",
  "effective_date": "2022-10-01",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US; Thailand",
  "description": "Facebook Live Shopping events end; focus shifts to Reels",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C047"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S050"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E056",
  "entity": "Alibaba / JD",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2022-11-11",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2022-11-11",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Singles Day GMV not disclosed for first time",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C026"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S018"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E057",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2022-11",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2022-11",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "TikTok Shop quietly available in the US",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C053"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S058"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E058",
  "entity": "Instagram (Meta)",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "retreat",
  "event_date": "2023-02",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2023-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Shop tab removed from Instagram navigation",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C049"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S052"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E059",
  "entity": "Instagram (Meta)",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2023-03-16",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2023-02-14",
  "effective_date": "2023-03-16",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Instagram live product tagging ends",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C048"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S051",
   "HIS-S076"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E060",
  "entity": "Meta Shops",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2023-06",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2023-06",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "New US Shops must use onsite (Meta) checkout; selling fee replaced by processing fee from 1 July 2023",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C050"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S052"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E061",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2023-09-12",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2023-09-12",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "TikTok Shop full US launch",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C053",
   "HIS-C054"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S056",
   "HIS-S057",
   "HIS-S058"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E062",
  "entity": "Meta Shops",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2024-04-24",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2024-04-24",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Deadline for existing US Shops to move to onsite checkout",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C050"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S052"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E063",
  "entity": "Google / Court of Justice of the EU",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "regulation",
  "event_date": "2024-09-10",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2024-09-10",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "EU",
  "description": "CJEU dismisses Google appeal; EUR 2.42bn fine stands (C-48/22 P)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C036"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S034"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "search & comparison",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E064",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2024-12",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2024-12",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "Spain; Ireland",
  "description": "TikTok Shop launches in Spain (invite-only) and Ireland",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C056"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S060"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E065",
  "entity": "TikTok Shop",
  "route_id": "R-TT-SHOP",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2025-03-31",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2025-03-31",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Germany; France; Italy",
  "description": "TikTok Shop launches in DE, FR, IT",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C056"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S061"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E066",
  "entity": "Meta Shops",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "retreat",
  "event_date": "2025-06",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2025-06",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Meta begins phasing out checkout on Facebook/Instagram Shops",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C051"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S053",
   "RTB-S015",
   "HIS-S055"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E067",
  "entity": "Meta Shops",
  "route_id": "R-META-SHOP",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2025-09-04",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2025-09-04",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Checkout on Facebook and Instagram Shops discontinued; orders redirected to merchant websites. Sources differ on the date: end of August 2025 or 4 September 2025 (HIS-C051, RTB-C012).",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C051",
   "HIS-C052",
   "RTB-C012"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S053",
   "RTB-S015",
   "HIS-S055",
   "RTB-S014"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E068",
  "entity": "SAMR / CAC (China)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "regulation",
  "event_date": "2026-02-01",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2025-12-18",
  "effective_date": "2026-02-01",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "China",
  "description": "Live Streaming E-commerce Measures (Order No. 117) in force (adopted 18 Dec 2025)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C062"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S068"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "social, creator & live",
  "stream": "HIS"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E201",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "1995-07-16",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "1995-07-16",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Amazon.com opens as an online bookseller (reported)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C201"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S222",
   "HIS-S223"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "web retail & marketplaces",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E202",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2014-11-06",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2014-11-06",
  "effective_date": "2014-11-06",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Echo and Alexa announced; invitation-only for Prime members",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C202"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S217"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E203",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2015-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2015-05",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Alexa voice purchasing on Amazon.com added (Prime only; reorder of Prime-eligible items reported)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C203",
   "HIS-C204"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S218",
   "HIS-S219"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E204",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2015-06-23",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2015-06-23",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Echo opens to US-wide pre-order",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C202"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S218"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E205",
  "entity": "Facebook",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2015-08",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2015-08",
  "stage": "beta",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "M personal assistant in Messenger launched in private beta",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C209"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S207"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E206",
  "entity": "Facebook",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2016-04-12",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2016-04-12",
  "stage": "beta",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Messenger Platform (bots) beta announced at F8",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C212"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S215"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E207",
  "entity": "Facebook",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2016-09-12",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2016-09-12",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Messenger Platform v1.2 adds payments in bots; 30,000 bots reported (vendor-claimed)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C213"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S216"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E208",
  "entity": "Facebook",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2018-01-19",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "2018-01-08",
  "effective_date": "2018-01-19",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "M concierge assistant shut down (announced 2018-01-08)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C211"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S206"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E209",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "announcement",
  "event_date": "2018-05",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "2018-05",
  "effective_date": "2018-05",
  "stage": "announced",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Duplex demonstrated at Google I/O 2018",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C214"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S213",
   "HIS-S212"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E210",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2018",
  "date_precision": "year",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2018",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Duplex first public access: small group of Pixel owners in select cities; restaurant bookings only",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C215"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S213"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E211",
  "entity": "Google",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "rollout",
  "event_date": "2019-03-06",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2019-03-06",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Duplex restaurant booking available to Pixel 3 owners in 43 US states",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C216"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S212"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E212",
  "entity": "The Information (report on Amazon)",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "other",
  "event_date": "2018-08",
  "date_precision": "month",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2018-08",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Report: ~2% of Alexa device owners made a voice purchase in 2018; Amazon disputes",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C205",
   "HIS-C206"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S202",
   "HIS-S201"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "conversational assistance",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E213",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "launch",
  "event_date": "2015-03-31",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2015-03-31",
  "stage": "limited",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Dash Button and Dash Replenishment Service introduced (invitation, Prime members)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C217",
   "HIS-C218"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S208",
   "HIS-S224"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "bounded delegation",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E214",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "retreat",
  "event_date": "2019-03-01",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2019-03-01",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Physical Dash Buttons withdrawn from sale (some sources: 2019-02-28); virtual buttons and DRS continue",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C220"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S209",
   "HIS-S208"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "bounded delegation",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E215",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "shutdown",
  "event_date": "2019-08-31",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2019-08-31",
  "stage": "retired",
  "geography": "Global",
  "description": "Physical Dash Buttons cease to function",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C221"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S210"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "bounded delegation",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 },
 {
  "event_id": "HIS-E216",
  "entity": "Amazon",
  "route_id": "",
  "event_type": "availability-change",
  "event_date": "2012-08-02",
  "date_precision": "day",
  "announcement_date": "",
  "effective_date": "2012-08-02",
  "stage": "not stated",
  "geography": "US",
  "description": "Subscribe & Save scheduled replenishment added to Amazon mobile apps (programme launch year not found)",
  "claim_ids": [
   "HIS-C223"
  ],
  "source_ids": [
   "HIS-S221"
  ],
  "f01_lane": "bounded delegation",
  "stream": "HIS-2"
 }
]